![]() Despite his breakthroughs in optics, Newton didn't publish his conclusions until 1704, in "Opticks," which was considered his second great scientific treatise. He used prisms to break apart white light into a rainbow of colors and recombine the disparate colors into white light. He found that normal, or "white," light is actually made up of a spectrum of colors. In his student years, Newton performed experiments in optics examining the nature of light. While imperfect - his law was later altered significantly by Einstein's theory of relativity - Newton's conception of universal gravitation dominated physics for more than two centuries. In Newton's view, gravitational force was everywhere, from an apple falling from a tree to the moon being kept in orbit by its mutual attraction with Earth. His law of universal gravitation laid forth the theory that all particles in the universe exerted some gravitational force. His three laws of motion - inertia, acceleration, and action and reaction - remain a cornerstone of modern physics. Eventually Newton's genius came to be widely known. That same idea formed the basis of his first masterwork, the Principia. His claim that all of natural philosophy - the forebear to the natural sciences - could be explained through mathematics was both groundbreaking and highly controversial when introduced in 1670. Modesty and controversy made him hesitant to share his theories. Newton is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time.Newton didn't attempt to publish some of his early discoveries, such as his work on the shape of orbits. The battle with Leibniz dominated the last 25 years of his life it is now well established that Newton developed calculus first, but that Leibniz was the first to publish on the subject. Leibniz (over the authorship of calculus). During his career he engaged in heated arguments with several of his colleagues, including Robert Hooke (over authorship of the inverse square relation of gravitation) and G.W. He was elected president of the Royal Society of London in 1703 and became the first scientist ever to be knighted in 1705. Describing his works on the laws of motion ( see Newton’s laws of motion), orbital dynamics, tidal theory, and the theory of universal gravitation, it is regarded as the seminal work of modern science. His most famous publication, Principia Mathematica (1687), grew out of correspondence with Edmond Halley. He worked out the fundamentals of calculus, though this work went unpublished for more than 30 years. He built the first reflecting telescope in 1668 and became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge in 1669. His experiments passing sunlight through a prism led to the discovery of the heterogeneous, corpuscular nature of white light and laid the foundation of physical optics. He was educated at Cambridge University (1661–65), where he discovered the work of René Descartes. The son of a yeoman, he was raised by his grandmother. 4, 1643, Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, Eng.-died March 31, 1727, London), English physicist and mathematician. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today. ![]() Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history. ![]()
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